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"/images/banner/s5.jpg"; var randomBgIndex = Math.round( Math.random() * 4 ); //输出随机的背景图 document.write('<style>.banner{background:url(' + bodyBgs[randomBgIndex] + ') no-repeat 50% bottom}</style>'); //]]> </script> <section> <div class="banner" style="height:160px;"> </div> </section> <!-- 面包屑导航开始 --> <div class="container "> <nav class="sub_menu"> <ol class="breadcrumb"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span> <li><a href="/">网站首页</a></li> <li><a title="技术文章" href="/bethel/NC">技术文章</a></li> <li><a title="数控文章" href="/bethel/news">数控文章</a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> <!--/sub_menu--><!-- 面包屑导航结束 --> <!-- 页面标题开始 --> <div class="title"> <h3><a>车铣复合加工中心Y轴立柱的受力分析及结构优化<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 页面标题结束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部开始 --> <div class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div class="lead" id="print"> <p> </p> <p class="60" style="margin-top:0cm;mso-pagination:lines-together;page-break-after: avoid;background:transparent"><a name="bookmark0"><span lang="EN-US">0</span>引言</a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">复合化是数控机床一个普遍发展趋势，在现代机 <span class="20">械加工中复合化数控机床发挥着愈来愈大的作 </span>用<span class="285pt"><sup>[1]</sup></span>。<a href='https://www.yujiangcnc.com/' target='_blank'>车铣复合加工中心</a>具有多轴联动功能，机床 动力刀架配合<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴移动能实现强力铣削，<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴立柱作 为动力刀架的一个重要支撑零件，必须对其进行最优 化设计以减少机床在强力切削时的振动，使加工零件 获得较高的加工精度和很好的表面粗糙度。目前国 内复合机床偏重于结构布局研究，对复合后机床支撑 件力学性能研究不足。笔者通过对车铣复合加工中 心<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴立柱有限元仿真和分析，完成了对<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴立柱 的优化设计，并在机床的实际使用中，证明优化后的 <span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴立柱很好的满足了机床的加工要求。</p> <p class="60" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly; mso-pagination:lines-together;page-break-after:avoid;background:transparent"><a name="bookmark1"><span class="63pt">1立柱的建模</span></a></p> <p class="60" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:11.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly; mso-pagination:lines-together;page-break-after:avoid;background:transparent"><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b></span><span class="120"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b></span>立柱的三维建模及材料的定义</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">利用<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Solidworks</span></span>进行立柱二维模型建立,在此过 程中，三维模型中的一些细小特征，比如加工倒角、螺 纹孔、工艺凸台等会影响有限元网格模型的建立，因 此对这些不影响力学性能的特征进行了简化,进行简 化后的三维模型如图1所示。根据立柱的使用情况 选择其材料为<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">HT</span></span><span lang="EN-US">300</span>铸铁，通过查阅相关参考文献 可得出材料弹性模量为150 <span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">GPa</span></span><span lang="EN-US">、</span>泊松比为<span lang="EN-US">0. </span>27、密 度为 7 400 <span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">kg/m</span></span><span class="285pt"><sup>3[2]</sup></span>。</p> <p class="121" style="margin-top:0cm;background:transparent"><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b></span><span class="120"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><b><span lang="EN-US">2</span></b></span>立柱有限元网格模型的建立</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">对简化后的立柱三维模型利用</span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Simulation</span></span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">进行</span><span class="2Exact" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">网格划分。在进行网格划分时，如果网格划分太细， 虽然会提高运算精度但也会加大运算时候的运算量, 因此，在对计算的精度不会有较大影响前提下选择合 适的网格单元大小就很重要<sup>[3]</sup>。笔者进行模型网格 划分时，朱用的网格单元大小12. 96 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;"><span lang="EN-US">mm</span></span><span class="2Exact" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">，经过网格划 分后，共有69 419个节点，43 337个单元，网格划分 后的模型如图2所示。</span></p> <p class="120" style="margin-top:0cm;line-height:15.85pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;background:transparent"><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span class="12Exact0"><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span class="12Exact">载荷的施加及边界约束</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"> </p> <p class="20" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 23.0pt;line-height:15.85pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span class="2Exact">立柱的受力主要是机床切削加工时的切削力和 刀架的重力，其中切削力通过刀具及刀架传递给立 柱。通过已知的切削参数及查阅相关参考文献，可计 算出切削力三个方向的分力大小:切向力2 029 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">N</span></span><span class="2Exact">，径向力</span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Fy</span></span><span class="2Exact"> = 569 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">N</span></span><span class="2Exact">，轴向车削力& = 620 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">N</span></span><span class="2Exact"><sup>[4]</sup>。刀 架的质量为396 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">kg</span></span><span class="2Exact">，由于机床切削力和刀架重心与立 柱受力点之间存在一定距离，经过将切削力与刀架重 力进行合成并经过施加远程载荷，可以模拟机床进行</span><span style="line-height: 15.6pt;">加工时的状态</span><span class="20pt" style="line-height: 15.6pt;">。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:23.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">立柱通过螺钉与机床床鞍进行刚性连接<span class="20pt">，</span>因此可 以将立柱下面的六个自由度全部约束<span class="20pt">,</span>对立柱进行约 束并施加远程外力载荷后<span class="20pt">，</span>得出立柱的受力示意如图 <span class="20pt">3</span>所示<span class="20pt">。</span></p> <p class="130" style="text-indent:0cm;background:transparent"><span class="13TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span class="13TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span>计算结果</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:23.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">将各条件确定后<span class="20pt">，</span>经过<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Simulation</span></span>模块进行运算 分析<span class="20pt">，</span>得到了立柱的应力<span class="20pt">、</span><span class="20">应变图解及总位移图解 </span><span class="20pt">(</span><span class="20">见图</span><span class="20pt">4 ~6</span><span class="20">所示</span><span class="20pt">）。</span></p> <p class="130" style="margin-right:75.0pt;text-indent:0cm;background:transparent"><span class="1311pt">2</span>对运算结果分析及结构优化 <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="130" style="margin-right:75.0pt;text-indent:0cm;background:transparent"><span class="13TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span class="13TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span>受力分析</p> <p class="20" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 23.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent">通过图<span class="20pt">4、5</span>可以看出立柱左端的筋柱上受到的 应力及应变较大<span class="20pt">，</span>最大应力为<span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">21.37 </span></span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">N</span></span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">mm</span></span><span class="20pt"><sup><span lang="EN-US">2</span></sup></span><span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span>在设计 中应该是结构优化的关键位置<span class="20pt">,</span>而其他位置并没有出 现较高的应力及应变<span class="20pt">。</span></p> <p class="130" style="text-indent:0cm;background:transparent"><span class="13TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span class="13TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span>位移分析</p> <p class="20" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 23.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent">通过图<span class="20pt">6</span>可以看出<span class="20pt">,</span>立柱最大变形位移出现在立 柱左端的筋柱上部区域<span class="20pt">，</span>最大变形位移为<span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">0.027 </span></span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">mm</span></span><span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">， </span></span>由于结构布局需要<span class="20pt">，</span>立柱左端处布置有<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴电机<span class="20pt">，</span>因 此左端处留有较大空位<span class="20pt">,</span>这就使得立柱局部变形位移 较大<span class="20pt">。</span>由于立柱是机床加工时受力关键部件<span class="20pt">,</span>该局部 变形会在一定程度上直接影响机床的加工精度<span class="20pt">，</span>因此 有必要对立柱进行结构优化设计<span class="20pt">。</span></p> <p class="130" style="text-indent:0cm;background:transparent"><span class="13TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span class="13TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span>结构优化</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:23.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">通过以上分析可知</span><span class="20pt">,</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">立柱左端的筋柱区域是结构 优化的重点</span><span class="20pt">，</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">可以做有针对性结构加强</span><span class="20pt">。</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">首先将立柱 左端处筋壁的厚度进行了改进</span><span class="20pt">，</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">由原来的</span><span class="20pt">20 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">mm</span></span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">增加 为</span><span class="20pt">25 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">mm</span></span><span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">，</span></span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">其次</span><span class="20pt">，</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">在与</span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">轴电机不发生干涉的前提下</span><span class="20pt">，</span><span style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">将立柱左端的空位尺寸改小</span><span class="20pt" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">，</span><span style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">提高此处的结构刚性</span><span class="20pt" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">。 </span><span style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">另外</span><span class="20pt" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">,</span><span style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">在立柱受应力</span><span class="20pt" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">、</span><span style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">应变较小的顶部设计了三个减重 孔</span><span class="20pt" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">,</span><span style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">改进后的立柱重量比原来的重量只增加了 </span><span class="20pt" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;">2 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;"><span lang="EN-US">kg</span></span><span class="20pt" style="line-height: 15.6pt; text-indent: 0cm; background-color: transparent;"><span lang="EN-US">。</span></span></p> <p class="20" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 23.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent">经过结构改进后的立柱再此利用<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Simulatiom</span></span>进 行有限元仿真和分析<sup>[5]</sup><span class="20pt">，</span>其应力<span class="20pt">、</span>应变图解及总位移 图解如图<span class="20pt">7 ~9</span>所示<span class="20pt">，</span>从分析结果可知<span class="20pt">,</span>优化后的立柱 最大的变形位移由之前的<span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">0.027 </span></span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">mm</span></span>减少到了 <span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">0.009 </span></span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">mm</span></span><span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">，</span></span>而重量只增加了 <span class="20pt">2 </span><span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">kg</span></span><span class="20pt"><span lang="EN-US">。</span></span>该机床装配完成<span class="20pt">,</span>实际使 用效果良好<span class="20pt">，</span>加工精度和加工表面粗糙度都达到了设 计要求<span class="20pt">。</span></p> <p class="20" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 23.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"><span class="1311pt">3</span><span class="13">结语</span></p> <p class="20" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 23.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent"> </p> <p class="20" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent: 24.0pt;line-height:15.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;background:transparent">车铣复合加工中心凭借其高效率<span class="20pt">、</span>高精度及较强 的加工性能<span class="20pt">，</span>越来越受到广大机床用户的青睐<span class="20pt">，</span>因此<span class="20pt">， </span>如何构思<span class="20pt">、</span>设计车铣复合加工中心<span class="20pt">，</span>已经成为机床企 业工程师当下任务<sup>[6]</sup><span class="20pt">。</span>笔者利用<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Simulatiom</span></span>对车铣 复合加工中心<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴立柱进行有限元仿真和分析过 程<span class="20pt">，</span>完成了对<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴立柱的优化设计<span class="20pt">，</span>通过对机床的实 际使用<span class="20pt">，</span>证明优化后的<span class="2TimesNewRoman"><span lang="EN-US">Y</span></span>轴立柱很好的满足了机床 的加工要求<span class="20pt">，</span>实践证明利用有限元仿真和分析方法<span class="20pt">, </span>能够缩短机床设计周期和提高设计效率<span class="20pt">。</span></p> <p class="121" style="margin-top:0cm;background:transparent"> </p></div> <div class="blank30"></div> <!-- tag --> <div class="blank10"></div> 标签： <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E8%BD%A6%E9%93%A3%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>车铣复合加工中心</a> <!-- 分类 --> <div class="blank10"></div> 分类： <a href='/bethel/type/jnc/type-1.html' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <div class="blank30"></div> <!--自动调用自定义字段--> <div 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