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bodyBgs[0] = "/images/banner/s1.jpg"; bodyBgs[1] = "/images/banner/s2.jpg"; bodyBgs[2] = "/images/banner/s3.jpg"; bodyBgs[3] = "/images/banner/s4.jpg"; bodyBgs[4] = "/images/banner/s5.jpg"; var randomBgIndex = Math.round( Math.random() * 4 ); //输出随机的背景图 document.write('<style>.banner{background:url(' + bodyBgs[randomBgIndex] + ') no-repeat 50% bottom}</style>'); //]]> </script> <section> <div class="banner" style="height:160px;"> </div> </section> <!-- 面包屑导航开始 --> <div class="container "> <nav class="sub_menu"> <ol class="breadcrumb"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span> <li><a href="/">网站首页</a></li> <li><a title="数控文章" href="/bethel/news">数控文章</a></li> </ol> </nav> </div> <!--/sub_menu--><!-- 面包屑导航结束 --> <!-- 页面标题开始 --> <div class="title"> <h3><a>发那科 0i系统加工中心刀库控制功能<small></small></a></h3> </div> <!-- 页面标题结束 --> <hr class="featurette-divider"> <!-- 中部开始 --> <div class="container"> <!-- 正文 --> <div class="lead" id="print"> <p>以发那科 0i系统<a href="http://www.bethel-cnc.com/" target="_blank"><a href='http://www.bethel-cnc.com/' target='_blank'>加工中心</a></a>或调试台为例，介绍一种通过宏程序调用实现斗笠式刀库换刀控制的方法。刀库容量为16（装16把刀），利用伺服主轴电动机的内置编码器进行定向/准停。</p><p>实训学时：10学时。</p><p>实训目的:</p><p>（1）<a href="http://www.bethel-cnc.com/" target="_blank"><a href='http://www.bethel-cnc.com/' target='_blank'>加工中心</a></a>斗笠式刀库的操作与控制程序的编制。</p><p>（2）掌握调用宏程序实现刀库控制的编程方法。</p><p>（3）掌握调用宏程序实现刀库控制的相关参数设置。</p><p>实训内容：</p><p>（1）斗笠式刀库的操作。</p><p>（2）控制刀库的宏程序设计。</p><p>（3）刀库梯形图程序的设计与调试。</p><p>（4）梯形图功能的调试。</p><p>（5）宏程序调用实现刀库控制的相关参数设置。</p><p>实训设备:</p><p>（1）配置发那科 0i数控系统的<a href="http://www.bethel-cnc.com/" target="_blank"><a href='http://www.bethel-cnc.com/' target='_blank'>加工中心</a></a>/综合调试台。</p><p>（2）个人计算机（PC）。</p><p>（3） 发那科公司的梯形图编辑软件（FLADDER Ⅲ 版本）。</p><p>实训要点：</p><p>（1）用FLADDER Ⅲ 软件对PMC离线编程。</p><p>（2）发那科 0i PMC操作。</p><p>（3）发那科 0i 系统PMC程序传输与功能调试。</p><p>（4）刀库控制用宏程序设计与加载。</p><p>（5）PMC功能指令的应用。</p><p>（6）刀库梯形图程序设计。</p><p>（7）调用宏程序控制刀库的相关参数设置。</p><p>（8）刀库控制功能验证。</p><p>实训具体要求：</p><p>（1）规范实训，按操作规范操作<a href="http://www.bethel-cnc.com/" target="_blank"><a href='http://www.bethel-cnc.com/' target='_blank'>机床</a></a>。</p><p>（2）<a href="http://www.bethel-cnc.com/" target="_blank"><a href='http://www.bethel-cnc.com/' target='_blank'>机床</a></a>工作时，严禁用手或导体去触碰各通电电器，确保人身和设备安全。</p><p>（3）操作刀库之前，必须保证机床执行手动回零操作。</p><p>（4）验证刀库功能时，可采用单程序运行模态或单独执行相关的刀库辅助功能指令（M指令）操作，密切关注机床的动作，确保刀库与主轴不撞机。</p><p>（5）具备加工中心的基本操作能力和应用水平。</p><p>（6）熟悉发那科 0i系统参数的设置方法与操作。</p><p>组织形式：</p><p>教师：演示与指导，组织学生训练、演示、讨论与评估。</p><p>学生：根据设备数量，可在课内分组定时训练，也可预约训练，采取组长负责制，负责指导、提问与考核各组员。</p><p>相关知识与技能：</p><p>1．与刀库相关的电气连接</p><p> 假设加工中心刀库的主电路如图附9-1所示。</p><p><img src="/upload/images/201810/15402883363115.png" title="15402883363115.png" alt="图片.png"/></p><p>图附9-1 刀库的主要电气连接</p><p>有关PMC的I/O接口分配地址如表附9-1所示。</p><p>表附9-1 刀库相关I/O地址分配</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1px 1px 1px medium; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>序号</p></td><td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1px 1px 1px medium; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>地址</p></td><td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1px 1px 1px medium; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>信号名称</p></td><td style="border-color: windowtext currentcolor; border-style: solid none; border-width: 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>说明</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>1</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>X7.6</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>松刀到位</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><br/></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>2</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>X7.7</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>紧刀到位</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><br/></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>3</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>X10.0</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>刀库推出到位</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><br/></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>4</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>X10.1</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>刀库退回到位</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><br/></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>5</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>X10.3</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>刀库计数</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><br/></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>6</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>X10.4</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>刀库原定/回零</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><br/></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>7</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>X10.7</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>松刀</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><br/></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>8</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>X10.5</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>刀库电动机过载</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>过载保护器触点</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><br/></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><br/></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><br/></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><br/></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>10</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>Y6.0</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>刀库正转</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>通过继电器带动接触器线圈</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>11</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>Y6.1</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>刀库反转</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>通过继电器带动接触器线圈</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>12</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>Y6.5</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>松刀</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>通过继电器带动电磁阀</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>13</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>Y7.6</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>刀库推出</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>通过继电器带动电磁阀</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>14</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>Y6.6</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>三色灯(绿灯)</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>通过继电器驱动</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>15</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>Y6.7</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>三色灯(红灯)</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>通过继电器驱动</p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="62" valign="top"><p>16</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="87" valign="top"><p>Y6.8</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1px 1px medium; padding: 0px 7px;" width="155" valign="top"><p>三色灯(黄灯)</p></td><td style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch; padding: 0px 7px;" width="189" valign="top"><p>通过继电器驱动</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>表中地址为I/O LINK的“0”组地址，加工中心配置I/O Link标准键盘，如图1-1所示，其地址定义为I/O LINK的“1”组，输入的起始地址为X20，输出的起始地址为Y24。键盘的[D8]键（从上至下的第4排，从左至右的第8位）作为手动主轴准停控制键，其输入地址为X28.3，对应的按键指示灯地址为Y28.3。键盘的[D7]键（从上至下第4排、从左至右的第7位）作为手动选刀按键，其输入地址为X28.2，对应的按键指示灯地址为Y28.2。</p><p>2．刀库控制的相关信号及其功能</p><p>2．1 主轴准停控制信号ORCMA（G70.6）/ORARA（F45.7）</p><p>ORCMA信号用于主轴换刀或主轴还刀时的准停控制，保证刀柄不会与刀库发生撞击而损坏刀库或主轴，可通过PMC编程实现M19（主轴准停M指令）或手动主轴准停控制。与此对应的主轴准停结束信号为F45.7（ORARA），当此信号为“1”时表示主轴准停结束。</p><p>主轴准停控制用的传感器可用外部接近开关和电动机速度传感器、外部位置编码器、主轴电动机内置传感器等多种形式，参见第四部分的“实训项目4.4”所述。目前大多利用伺服主轴电动机的内置位置编码器实现。</p><p>2．2 宏程序所用的系统变量</p><p>2．2．1 用户宏程序输入信号（G54.0～G54.2）</p><p>为了实现用户宏程序调用换刀，使用三个系统变量UI000（G54.0-#1000）、UI001（G54.1-#1001）、UI002（G54.2-#1002）供宏程序与PMC间跳转控制。G54.0为“1”表示编程刀号大于等于刀库容量，G54.1为“1”时表示主轴刀号等于编程刀号（T码值），G54.2为“1”时表示编程刀号为0。</p><p>2．2．2 宏程序报警变量</p><p>发那科 0iC系统的“#3000”变量用于宏程序报警，可在其表达式后指定不超过26个字符的报警信息。可显示报警号和报警信息，其中报警号为变量#3000的值加上3000。</p><p>例：“#3000=1（TOOL NOT FOUND）”对应屏幕上的显示为“3001 TOOL NOT FOUND”</p><p>2．2．3 模态信息变量（#4003、#4006）</p><p>系统变量#4003保存系统当前所处的编程坐标模态值G90/G91；#4006保存系统当前所用的编程单位系统G20（英制）/G21（米制）。这两个系统变量用于保护宏程序执行过程中系统的模态，在宏程序执行结束后，再恢复至系统调用宏程序前的模态。</p><p>3．宏程序调用及刀库相关系统参数</p><p>本项目采用M指令的M06调用宏程序实现刀库的换刀控制。</p><p>3．1 指定调用宏程序的M代码值参数（PRM#6080～6089）</p><p>PRM#6080～PRM#6089分别对应调用程序号为O9020～9029的宏程序所需的M代码值。当用“M06“调用O9023宏程序时，必须将PRM#6083设为“6”。本项目中的宏程序号为O9021，所以PRM#6081设置为“6”。</p><p>3．2 主轴准停位置设置参数（PRM#4031）</p><p>当刀库调整好后，将所测主轴准停的位置数据设置在参数PRM#4031中，参数PRM#4077（定向时停止位置偏移量）设为0。当执行完主轴准停指令（M19或手动主轴准停）后，NC输出的准停结束信号（F45.7）为“1”。</p><p>3．3 主轴定向速度参数（PRM#4038）</p><p> 在执行M19或手动主轴准停指令时，主轴按参数PRM#4038所设定的运转速度进行准停定向。</p><p>3．4 换刀点设置参数（PRM#1241）</p><p>一般情况下，用第二参考点作为主轴换刀或还刀点。对于<a href="http://www.bethel-cnc.com/" target="_blank"><a href='http://www.bethel-cnc.com/' target='_blank'>立式加工中心</a></a>，一般只需将刀库调整好后所测的Z轴位置数据设置在参数PRM#1241中。</p><p>3．5 其他相关参数</p><p>（1）PRM#4000.0——主轴和电动机的旋转方向设定</p><p>若使用主轴内置编码器，该参数位设为0时，表示主轴和电动机的旋转方向相同。</p><p>（2）PRM#4002.3、2、1、0——使用主轴位置编码器作为位置反馈</p><p>该参数位分别对应设置为“0、0、0、1”。</p><p>（3）PRM#4015.0——定向是否有效</p><p>该参数位设为“1”，使定向有效。</p><p>（4）PRM#4010.2、1、0——设定电动机传感器类型</p><p>使用内置位置编码器时，设为“0、0、1”。</p><p>若主轴和主轴电动机间的传动比为1：1时，PRM#4056～4059不需要设置。</p><p>4．换刀宏程序</p><p>下面提供换刀调用的宏程序例子供分析参考，例中刀库容量为16。</p><p>%</p><p>O9021 ；换刀宏（子）程序号</p><p>#23=#4003 ；保存米制或英制系统</p><p>#24=#4006 ；保存增量或绝对编程方式（G90、G91方式）</p><p>G91 ；增量坐标编程</p><p>M05 ；主轴停止</p><p>G30P2Z0 ；至抓刀点（换刀点）</p><p>M19 ；主轴准停</p><p>M26 ；刀号读取（判断刀库刀号与主轴刀号是否一致）</p><p>IF[#1000EQ1]GOTO30 ；T码值≥17时退出换刀程序</p><p>IF[#1001EQ1]GOTO40 ；主轴刀号等于T码值时退出换刀程序</p><p>IF[#1002EQ1]GOTO50 ；T码值为0时退出换刀程序</p><p>M23 ；刀库推出</p><p>G04P500 ；停0.5秒</p><p>M25 ；松刀</p><p>G04P500 ；停0.5秒</p><p>G28Z0 ；至Z轴零点</p><p>M21 ；刀库转（刀盘旋转选刀）</p><p>G30P2Z0 ；至抓刀点</p><p>M24 ；紧刀（抓刀）</p><p>M22 ；刀库退回</p><p>GOTO100 ；换刀结束并返回</p><p>N30#3000=1（TOOL NOT FOUND） ；刀没找到报警</p><p>GOTO100 ；结束换刀并返回</p><p>N40#3000=2（TOOL NO. ON SPINDLE） ；主轴刀号已是需换刀刀号报警</p><p>GOTO100 ；结束换刀并返回</p><p>N50#3000=3（T CODE IS 0） ；换刀刀号为0报警</p><p>N100M05 ；主轴停转</p><p>G#23 ；恢复到主程序的米、英制系统</p><p>G#24 ；恢复至主程序的增量或绝对编程系统</p><p>M99 ；返回主程序</p><p>%</p><p> 从程序中可以看出，M19为主轴准停指令，M20为刀库回零指令，M21为选刀（刀库转）指令，M22为刀库退回指令，M23为刀库推出指令，M24为紧刀指令，M25为松刀指令，M26为刀号读取指令。</p><p>5．PMC控制程序</p><p> PMC参考程序如图附9-2～图附9-7所示。</p><p><img src="/upload/images/201810/15402883575474.png" title="15402883575474.png" alt="图片.png"/></p><p>图附9-2 刀库控制的PMC程序-1</p><p><img src="/upload/images/201810/15402883817131.png" title="15402883817131.png" alt="图片.png"/></p><p>图附9-3 刀库控制的PMC程序-2</p><p><img src="/upload/images/201810/15402883875298.png" title="15402883875298.png" alt="图片.png"/></p><p>图附9-4 刀库控制的PMC程序-3</p><p><img src="/upload/images/201810/15402884007237.png" title="15402884007237.png" alt="图片.png"/></p><p>图附9-5 刀库控制的PMC程序-4</p><p><img src="/upload/images/201810/15402884057150.png" title="15402884057150.png" alt="图片.png"/></p><p>图附9-6 刀库控制的PMC程序-5</p><p><img src="/upload/images/201810/15402884128943.png" title="15402884128943.png" alt="图片.png"/></p><p>图附9-7 刀库控制的PMC程序-6</p><p>实训总结：</p><p> 参照附表1格式要求编制实训总结报告</p><p>思考题：</p><p>（1）请按调用宏程序实现换刀控制的编程思路，设计不调用宏程序而直接用PMC编程实现刀库控制的编程思路。</p><p>（2）当不用M代码调用宏程序而改用G06（假设G06不作为其他准备功能指令）调用宏程序时，且宏程序为“O9023”，应如何设置系统参数（发那科 0i系统）？</p><p>（3）绘制本项目中宏程序的执行流程图。</p><p>（4）对于半闭环控制的加工中心，在进行换刀操作之前必须进行哪些操作？为什么？</p><p>（5）对于如本项目所述的加工中心，没出现乱刀现象时，主轴刀号与刀库刀号是什么对应关系？</p><p>（6）分析梯形图程序，当执行刀库回零操作后，主轴刀号、刀库刀号分别为多少？若刀库的“1”号位上有刀，且主轴上也装有刀时，在执行完刀库回零操作、换刀操作前，应采取什么措施保证不会发生刀库与主轴撞击事故？</p><p>（7）分析梯形图程序，当加工中心刀库进行过手动选刀操作后，刀库会不会出现乱刀现象？若会出现，应如何改进梯形图程序，保证在手动选刀操作后不会出现乱刀现象？什么情况下会出现乱刀现象？</p><p>（8）在什么情况下，编程刀号（T码值）、刀库刀号、主轴刀号相等？在什么情况下，编程刀号等于主轴刀号？在什么情况下，刀库刀号等于编程刀号？在什么情况下，刀库刀号一定等于主轴刀号？</p><p>（9）分析梯形图程序，本项目中的自动选刀是就近方式还是固定方式？手动选刀是什么方式？</p><p> </p><p><br/></p></div> <div class="blank30"></div> <!-- tag --> <div class="blank10"></div> 标签： <a href='/index.php?case=tag&act=show&tag=%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83' target='_blank'>加工中心</a> <!-- 分类 --> <div 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